Serious fly fishermen may remember 2007 as the year that the invasive species known as "rock snot" turned into a national problem. For at a least decade, nasty carpets of this algae have been fouling up pristine fishing streams in the western United States. Then, last summer, it turned up in fishing streams in several eastern states.

Angler Paul Doscher of New Hampshire says it's useless to cast fishing lines into these sometimes giant blooms.

"You try to reel it back in, and you end up with a giant gooey cottony wad (on your hook)," he said. "There is nothing like that that I have experienced. It makes streams essentially unfishable."

Twenty years ago, a mild version of the one-celled diatom that pumps out rock-snot blooms was found only in isolated mountain streams in western Canada. But in the 1980s, these blooms started getting larger and spreading into other streams.

"Something changed the diatoms in ways that made them more aggressive," said researcher Andrea Kirkwood of the University of Calgary. She says the change may have taken place when a European version of the rock snot diatom was accidentally brought to Canada. Kirkwood says it's also possible that the native version of this algae evolved in ways that created much more massive and more frequent blooms.

  What's certain is that by the early 1990s, massive rock snot blooms were fouling cold, clear rocky mountain streams in    western states such as Idaho, Wyoming and Colorado. Infestations sometimes stretched from bank to bank and covered several miles. Once the blooms appeared, it was impossible to make them go away.

 East Coast Invasion

 Rock snot seemed to be a strictly western problem until this past June, when a massive bloom appeared on the New Hampshire side of the Connecticut River. Before the summer, slimy carpets had fouled pristine fishing streams in New York, Vermont, Tennessee, Missouri and Virginia.

 Anglers like Paul Doscher say it's now clear that fishermen who don't clean and dry their boots and fishing rods have helped spread these nasty blooms.

"The reality is that anglers and recreationists travel worldwide now to do what they do," he said. "When they travel they bring their equipment with them. Some of us don't sanitize that equipment properly when we're done fishing."

Doscher says he has no doubt that this is how the rock snot blooms got spread around the country. He also suspects that sloppy fishermen helped carry rock snot diatoms to streams on the south island of New Zealand.

Officials in New England have been posting signs near fishing streams that urge visiting anglers to clean and dry their gear.

Story published by National Public Radio (NPR).  Rock Snot Hitches Ride on Fishing Gear

What is the New Zealand Mudsnail?

New Zealand Mudsnails are tiny INVASIVE snails that have now been found in certain creeks in the Santa Monica Mountains area.

They may be small, but don't be fooled! In large numbers, these small snails can completely cover a stream bed and wreak havoc on local stream ecosystems. Introduced from New Zealand to the Western United States in the 1980s, New Zealand Mudsnails have already invaded many Western rivers in California, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming including Yellowstone National Park. They have now been found in three streams in the Santa Monica Mountains.

Local and state agencies and environmental organizations are now enlisting the help of local hikers, horseriders, anglers, and others who use the creek, in preventing the spread of the New Zealand Mudsnail waterways in Southern California.

Photo: D. McKinney, with thanks to www.gazette.com

New Zealand Mudsnails on a wading boot. Mud snails hitch hike on gear such as boots, waders, bike tires and even pets. "These mudsnails behave rather differently as snails go... They are almost aggressive in the way they motor around and seek new things. If you are walking around in a stream, these snails are going to be checking out your feet. And if you stand in one place very long, some of them are going to come onboard." - Pete Walker, Colorado Division of Wildlife Senior Fish Pathologist (from McKinney, Dennis. "Destructive Mudsnails Found." The Gazette. 4 Apr. 2005)

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What are invasive species?

In a day and age of global trade and international travel, it is not surprising that plants and animals are also traveling by hitching a ride. Today, you can find Japanese oysters in Ensenada, Mexico, or in your backyard! However, some non-native plants and animals get out of control-when they reproduce very rapidly and crowd out other, native species, they are considered INVASIVE. Every year, 1.3 BILLION dollars are spent in the United States to battle invaders.

In fact, half of all endangered species in the United States are being threatened by invasives who eat them, eat their food, crowd them out, and destroy their natural habitats.

Photo: R. Draheim, with thanks to Center for Lakes and Reservoirs

New Zealand Mudsnails on a small rock, with penny for size comparison. Mudsnails create dense colonies-often 100,000 mudsnails can be found in an area the size of a large kitchen sink. "Where they have been found, they make up a large proportion of the living material that's in the ecosystem. But they are a dead-end, in terms of the food chain. They consume, but can't be consumed. They can out-compete and reduce the number of native aquatic invertebrates that fish and amphibians rely on for food. This reduction in food supply can disrupt the entire food web with drastic consequences." - Marc Abrahamson, Heal the Bay

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What makes the Mudsnail invasive? Why is it a problem?

In some ways, the New Zealand Mud-snail is the perfect invader. Mud-snails reproduce parthenogenetically-that is, by cloning themselves. It only takes a SINGLE snail to produce an invasion. In fact, a single snail can result in a colony of more than 40 million snails in just one year! New Zealand Mud Snails can completely cover a streambed, crowding out the native aquatic insects that provide food for native creek animals, including local endangered species like steelhead, tidewater goby, and the red-legged frog.

Photo: Miwa Tamanaha

Located just 25 miles from downtown Los Angeles, Malibu Creek flows through the Santa Monica Mountains to Malibu Lagoon, offering residents and visitors opportunities for hiking, fishing, bird watching and horseback riding. “These creeks and streams are incredibly sensitive systems. Anything that messes up that balance can have a grave impact. Changes we, as humans, create in the system are not always easy to change back. We should recognize that the more we alter the system, the more difficult it is to turn the clock back.” –Gary Busteed, National Park Service

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That sounds bad. What can I do?

Well, there is good news and bad news. Unfortunately, once a creek or stream has been invaded by mud-snails, the invasion is irreversible. There is no known way to eradicate mud-snails once they have been found in a water body.

The good news is that there is A LOT we can do to prevent mud snail invasions. And the things we do to prevent mud snail invasions will also help protect our local lakes and streams from other kinds of dangerous invaders—other invasive plants and aquatic animals that can also spread from place to place. While mud snails have been found in certain portions of Malibu Creek and Lake Piru, there are many of other places where we do not have mudsnails, and hopefully never will!

Remember, mud snails are tiny. They can be as small as a grain of sand, and only get up to 1/8 of an inch long. As you go from place to place, these tiny hitchhikers can easily attach to your wet boots, clothing, sports gear, pets, horses, and bikes, and spread from one stream to another.

You can help protect our local creeks by NOT SPREADING the New Zealand Mud-snail.

1. Follow the tips on the left when visiting streams and lakes in your area. Don’t carry mud snails from place to place.


2. Learn more about mud snails and invasive species. Click here for more resources.


3. Spread the word! If you have friends and family who visit streams and lakes in your area, tell them about the threat of New Zealand Mudsnails and other invasive species. Encourage them to do the right thing and stop the spread!
   
   
4. Creeks with poor water quality and degraded habitat quality are MOST susceptible to invasions-by mudsnails and other aquatic invasive species. Simple actions-like picking up litter and pet waste-can go a long way towards protecting creeks and streams. Click here to find some easy things you can do to improve water quality in our watershed.

We are fortunate, in an area as highly urbanized as Southern California, to have natural areas with truly beautiful lakes and streams. These places are home to many important native creatures, such as the endangered Southern Steelhead Trout, Arroyo Chub, Western Pond Turtles, Pacific Tree Frog, California Newt, Arboreal Salamander, Western Toad. Let's protect our natural heritage sites! Prevent the spread of New Zealand Mud-snails and other invasive plants and animal

Story published by:  mudsnails.com